We present an overview of methods and applications of automatic characterization of the appearance of materials through colour\r\nand texture analysis. We propose a taxonomy based on three classes of methods (spectral, spatial, and hybrid) and discuss their\r\ngeneral advantages and disadvantages. For each class we present a set of methods that are computationally cheap and easy to\r\nimplement and that was proved to be reliable in many applications. We put these methods in the context of typical industrial\r\nenvironments and provide examples of their application in the following tasks: surface grading, surface inspection, and contentbased\r\nimage retrieval. We emphasize the potential benefits that would come from a wide implementation of these methods, such\r\nas better product quality, new services, and higher customer satisfaction.
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